Online Gambling involves gambling through an internet connection, either from a computer, tablet or mobile phone. The activity can take the form of a virtual casino, bingo game, sports betting or other online gaming activities. This type of gambling is increasingly popular and is accessible for people of all ages and incomes. It is also convenient, easy to use and can be accessed from any location.

Online casinos have stringent security measures in place, which are often better than those of brick-and-mortar establishments. This can be beneficial for players, as it reduces the risk of fraudulent activity and ensures fair play. It also allows players to set limits on their spending, and this can help to prevent problem gambling.

The literature on the risk and protective factors of online gambling has grown rapidly. The objective of this paper is to present a synthesis of knowledge regarding these factors. To achieve this goal, a literature search in the PubMed, PsychInfo and Scopus databases was conducted using the syntax (online gambling + risk factor / protective factor) or (online nonproblematic gambling / problem gambling). Results were analyzed at the level of individual, relational and contextual variables. A strong homogeneity of the results was observed.

In general, a person’s background and their surroundings are important in terms of the probability of becoming an Internet gambler and developing a gambling problem. However, studies of variables acting at the relational or contextual level are rare. For example, the study by Mihaylova et al. (2021) showed that university students were more likely to engage in online gambling than non-students and that they are at higher risk of a gambling problem.